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Foreword   This tale grew in the telling, until it became a history of the Cracking War of the Ring and included many glimpses of the all the same more ancient history that preceded it. Information technology was begun soon later The Hobbit was written and before its publication in 1937; but I did not go on with this sequel, for I wished starting time to complete and set in order the mythology and legends of the Elder Days, which had then been taking shape for some years. I desired to do this for my own satisfaction, and I had little promise that other people would be interested in this work, especially since information technology was primarily linguistic in inspiration and was begun in order to provide the necessary background of 'history' for Elvish tongues.

When those whose advice and opinion I sought corrected fiddling hope to no hope, I went dorsum to the sequel, encouraged by requests from readers for more than information concerning hobbits and their adventures. Merely the story was fatigued irresistibly towards the older world, and became an account, equally it were, of its end and passing away earlier its beginning and middle had been told. The process had begun in the writing of The Hobbit, in which at that place were already some references to the older matter: Elrond, Gondolin, the High-elves, and the orcs, too every bit glimpses that had arisen unbidden of things higher or deeper or darker than its surface: Durin, Moria, Gandalf, the Necromancer, the Ring. The discovery of the significance of these glimpses and of their relation to the aboriginal histories revealed the Tertiary Age and its culmination in the War of the Ring.

Those who had asked for more information about hobbits somewhen got it, but they had to look a long time; for the composition of The Lord of the Rings went on at intervals during the years 1936 to 1949, a period in which I had many duties that I did not neglect, and many other interests equally a learner and teacher that ofttimes absorbed me. The filibuster was, of class, as well increased by the outbreak of war in 1939, by the stop of which year the tale had non yet reached the end of Book One. In spite of the darkness of the next v years I found that the story could not now exist wholly abandoned, and I plodded on, mostly past nighttime, till I stood past Balin'due south tomb in Moria. There I halted for a long while. It was near a year later when I went on and and so came to Lothlorien and the Great River belatedly in 1941. In the side by side twelvemonth I wrote the start drafts of the matter that now stands every bit Book 3, and the ancestry of chapters I and III of Book Five; and in that location every bit the beacons flared in Anorien and Theoden came to Harrowdale I stopped. Foresight had failed and at that place was no time for thought.

It was during 1944 that, leaving the loose ends and perplexities of a state of war which it was my task to deport, or at least to study, I forced myself to tackle the journeying of Frodo to Mordor. These capacity, somewhen to go Book Iv, were written and sent out every bit a serial to my son, Christopher, and so in South Africa with the RAF. Nonetheless information technology took another five years before the tale was brought to its present end; in that time I changed my house, my chair, and my higher, and the days though less nighttime were no less laborious. Then when the 'end' had at last been reached the whole story had to be revised, and indeed largely re-written backwards. And it had to be typed, and re-typed: by me; the cost of professional typing by the x-fingered was beyond my means.

The Lord of the Rings has been read by many people since it finally appeared in print; and I should like to say something here with reference to the many opinions or guesses that I have received or accept read concerning the motives and meaning of the tale. The prime motive was the desire of a tale-teller to endeavor his hand at a really long story that would hold the attending of readers, amuse them, delight them, and at times perhaps excite them or deeply motion them. As a guide I had just my ain feelings for what is highly-seasoned or moving, and for many the guide was inevitably often at error. Some who accept read the book, or at any rate have reviewed it, accept plant information technology boring, absurd, or contemptible; and I have no crusade to mutter, since I have similar opinions of their works, or of the kinds of writing that they manifestly prefer. But even from the points of view of many who take enjoyed my story there is much that fails to please. It is perchance non possible in a long tale to please everybody at all points, nor to displease everybody at the same points; for I find from the letters that I take received that the passages or chapters that are to some a blemish are all by others specially approved. The most critical reader of all, myself, now finds many defects, pocket-size and major, merely existence fortunately under no obligation either to review the book or to write it once again, he will pass over these in silence, except one that has been noted by others: the book is as well short.

As for any inner meaning or 'message', information technology has in the intention of the writer none. Information technology is neither allegorical nor topical. Every bit the story grew information technology put downward roots (into the past) and threw out unexpected branches: simply its primary theme was settled from the first past the inevitable choice of the Band as the link between it and The Hobbit. The crucial chapter, "The Shadow of the Past', is one of the oldest parts of the tale. It was written long earlier the foreshadow of 1939 had yet become a threat of inevitable disaster, and from that point the story would accept developed along substantially the aforementioned lines, if that disaster had been averted. Its sources are things long earlier in mind, or in some cases already written, and little or nil in it was modified past the war that began in 1939 or its sequels.

The real war does non resemble the legendary state of war in its process or its decision. If it had inspired or directed the development of the legend, so certainly the Ring would have been seized and used against Sauron; he would not have been annihilated just enslaved, and Barad-dur would not have been destroyed but occupied. Saruman, declining to get possession of the Ring, would in the confusion and treacheries of the time have found in Mordor the missing links in his own researches into Ring-lore, and soon he would accept made a Bang-up Ring of his own with which to challenge the self-styled Ruler of Heart-world. In that conflict both sides would have held hobbits in hatred and antipathy: they would non long have survived fifty-fifty as slaves.

Other arrangements could be devised according to the tastes or views of those who like allegory or topical reference. Merely I cordially dislike apologue in all its manifestations, and always accept done so since I grew old and wary plenty to notice its presence. I much adopt history, true or feigned, with its varied applicability to the thought and experience of readers. I think that many confuse 'applicability' with 'allegory'; simply the 1 resides in the liberty of the reader, and the other in the purposed domination of the author.

An author cannot of course remain wholly unaffected by his experience, just the means in which a story-germ uses the soil of feel are extremely complex, and attempts to ascertain the procedure are at best guesses from evidence that is inadequate and ambiguous. It is also imitation, though naturally attractive, when the lives of an author and critic accept overlapped, to suppose that the movements of idea or the events of times common to both were necessarily the most powerful influences. One has indeed personally to come under the shadow of war to feel fully its oppression; but as the years become by it seems at present often forgotten that to exist defenseless in youth by 1914 was no less hideous an feel than to be involved in 1939 and the following years. By 1918 all simply one of my close friends were dead. Or to take a less grievous matter: it has been supposed by some that 'The Scouring of the Shire' reflects the situation in England at the time when I was finishing my tale. It does non. Information technology is an essential office of the plot, foreseen from the start, though in the upshot modified by the character of Saruman as developed in the story without, need I say, any allegorical significance or contemporary political reference whatsoever. It has indeed some basis in feel, though slender (for the economical situation was entirely different), and much farther dorsum. The country in which I lived in childhood was being shab

bily destroyed before I was ten, in days when motor-cars were rare objects (I had never seen one) and men were notwithstanding building suburban railways. Recently I saw in a paper a moving picture of the last debility of the one time thriving corn-manufacturing plant abreast its pool that long ago seemed to me so important. I never liked the looks of the Young miller, just his father, the Old miller, had a black beard, and he was not named Sandyman.

The Lord of the Rings is at present issued in a new edition, and the opportunity has been taken of revising it. A number of errors and inconsistencies that still remained in the text have been corrected, and an attempt has been fabricated to provide information on a few points which attentive readers accept raised. I accept considered all their comments and enquiries, and if some seem to take been passed over that may be considering I have failed to keep my notes in guild; simply many enquiries could merely exist answered by additional appendices, or indeed past the production of an accessory volume containing much of the material that I did not include in the original edition, in particular more than detailed linguistic information. In the meantime this edition offers this Foreword, an add-on to the Prologue, some notes, and an alphabetize of the names of persons and places. This index is in intention consummate in items but not in references, since for the present purpose it has been necessary to reduce its bulk. A complete alphabetize, making full apply of the material prepared for me by Mrs. N. Smith, belongs rather to the accessory book.

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